These differ from the cathode
radiations by being neither electrified nor deviated by a magnet. In
their turn these X rays may give birth to the secondary rays of M.
Sagnac; and often we find ourselves in presence of effects from these
last-named radiations and not from the true cathode rays.
The electrons, when they are propagated in a gas, can ionise the
molecules of this gas and unite with the neutral atoms to form
negative ions, while positive ions also appear. There are likewise
produced, at the expense of the gas still subsisting after
rarefication within the tube, positive ions which, attracted by the
cathode and reaching it, are not all neutralised by the negative
electrons, and can, if the cathode be perforated, pass through it, and
if not, pass round it. We have then what are called the canal rays of
Goldstein, which are deviated by an electric or magnetic field in a
contrary direction to the cathode rays; but, being larger, give weak
deviations or may even remain undeviated through losing their charge
when passing through the cathode.
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