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CHAPTER VIII
THE CONDUCTIVITY OF GASES AND THE IONS
Sec. 1. The Conductivity of Gases: Relations of matter to
ether cardinal problem--Conductivity of gases at first
misapprehended--Erman's forgotten researches--Giese
first notices phenomenon--Experiment with X-rays--
J.J. Thomson's interpretation--Ionized gas not obedient
to Ohm's law--Discharge of charged conductors by
ionized gas.
Sec. 2. The Condensation of water-vapour by Ions:
Vapour will not condense without nucleus--Wilson's
experiments on electrical condensation--Wilson and
Thomson's counting experiment--Twenty million ions
per c.cm. of gas--Estimate of charge borne by ion--
Speed of charges--Zeleny's and Langevin's
experiments--Negative ions 1/1000 of size of
atoms--Natural unit of electricity or electrons.
Sec. 3. How Ions are Produced: Various causes
of ionization--Moreau's experiments with alkaline
salts--Barus and Bloch on ionization by phosphorus
vapours--Ionization always result of shock.
Sec. 4. Electrons in Metals: Movement of
electrons in metals foreshadowed by Weber--Giese's,
Riecke's, Drude's, and J.


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