Sec. 4. Electrolytic Dissociation: Van t'Hoff's and
Arrhenius' researches--Ionic hypothesis of--Fierce
opposition to at first--Arrhenius' ideas now triumphant
--Advantages of Arrhenius' hypothesis--"The ions
which react"--Ostwald's conclusions from this--Nernst's
theory of Electrolysis--Electrolysis of gases makes
electronic theory probable--Faraday's two laws--Valency--
Helmholtz's consequences from Faraday's laws.
CHAPTER VI
THE ETHER
Sec. 1. The Luminiferous Ether: First idea of Ether due
to Descartes--Ether must be imponderable--Fresnel shows
light vibrations to be transverse--Transverse vibrations
cannot exist in fluid--Ether must be discontinuous.
Sec. 2. Radiations: Wave-lengths and their
measurements--Rubens' and Lenard's researches--
Stationary waves and colour-photography--Fresnel's
hypothesis opposed by Neumann--Wiener's and Cotton's
experiments.
Sec. 3. The Electromagnetic Ether: Ampere's advocacy
of mathematical expression--Faraday first shows
influence of medium in electricity--Maxwell's proof
that light-waves electromagnetic--His
unintelligibility--Required confirmation of theory by Hertz.
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