Sec. 3. Solids and Liquids: Continuity of Solid and Liquid
States--Viscosity common to both--Also Rigidity--
Spring's analogies of solids and liquids--Crystallization
--Lehmann's liquid crystals--Their existence doubted
--Tamman's view of discontinuity between crystalline
and liquid states.
Sec. 4. The Deformation of Solids: Elasticity--
Hoocke's, Bach's, and Bouasse's researches--Voigt
on the elasticity of crystals--Elastic and permanent
deformations--Brillouin's states of unstable
equilibria--Duhem and the thermodynamic postulates--
Experimental confirmation--Guillaume's researches
on nickel steel--Alloys.
CHAPTER V
SOLUTIONS AND ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION
Sec. 1. Solution: Kirchhoff's, Gibb's, Duhem's and Van
t'Hoff's researches.
Sec. 2. Osmosis: History of phenomenon--Traube and
biologists establish existence of semi-permeable
walls--Villard's experiments with gases--Pfeffer
shows osmotic pressure proportional to concentration--
Disagreement as to cause of phenomenon.
Sec. 3. Osmosis applied to Solution: Van t'Hoff's
discoveries--Analogy between dissolved body and
perfect gas--Faults in analogy.
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